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Democratic Coalition (Hungary)

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Not to be confused with Democratic Coalition Party (Hungary).
For the Greek party alliance, see Democratic Coalition (Greece, 2015).

Democratic Coalition
Demokratikus Koalíció
AbbreviationDK
LeaderFerenc Gyurcsány
Executive Vice PresidentCsaba Molnár
Vice Presidents
See list
Founded22 October 2011; 13 years ago (2011-10-22)
Split fromHungarian Socialist Party
Headquarters1066 Budapest, Teréz körút 46.
NewspaperNyugati Fény[11]
Youth wingDemokratikus Lendület [hu]
MembershipIncrease15,000 (2022)[10]
Ideology
Political positionCentre-left[8]
National affiliation
European affiliationParty of European Socialists
European Parliament groupProgressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats[9]
ColoursYellow, purple, and blue
National Assembly
16 / 199
European Parliament
2 / 21
County Assemblies
40 / 381
General Assembly of Budapest
3 / 33
Party flag
Website
dkp.hu

The Democratic Coalition (Hungarian: Demokratikus Koalíció, pronounced [ˈdɛmokrɒtikuʃ ˈkoɒliːt͡sijoː], DK [ˈdeːkaː]) is a social democratic[12] and social-liberal[13] political party in Hungary[3] led by former Prime Minister Ferenc Gyurcsány. Founded in 2010 as a faction within the Hungarian Socialist Party (MSZP), the Democratic Coalition split from the MSZP on 22 October 2011 and became a separate party.[14] It has fifteen MPs in the National Assembly and two MEPs in the European Parliament.

History

[edit]

Within the Socialist Party

[edit]

On 5 October 2010, Ferenc Gyurcsány announced to the Socialist Party (MSZP) party executive that he was founding a platform named the Democratic Coalition within the party. He stated that he would organize "a broad, open social community for 1989 Democrats", and political representation for them. The mood at the meeting was calm, but several party officials expressed disagreement with him.[15] The plan, however, pushed through.

The Democratic Coalition held its inaugural meeting at 2 p.m. in the Szent István Park in the 13th District on 22 October 2010. Meanwhile, MSZP deputy chairman András Balogh told newspaper Népszava that the party performed poorly at the elections due to several mistakes which included incompetence of Gyurcsány's while in government, the abandonment of left-wing values, complacency, and the fact that Gyurcsány was involved in corruption.[16] The former prime minister's group became the MSZP's seventh platform.

The platforms within the MSZP held a debate in May 2011 on whether the party should develop as an alliance between left-wing groups or a collective party welcoming non-leftist groups and politicians – a broader alternative to the ruling party Fidesz. The latter idea was only supported by the Democratic Coalition Platform. Representatives from all seven platforms of the party agreed that the Socialists did not need a "chieftain", an "Orbán of the Left", but a team leader. This was according to István Hiller, the head of the Social Democratic Platform, in an interview with reporters during a break of the meeting. He dismissed Gyurcsány's idea of embracing liberal and conservative trends, stating that Gyurcsány's model would make the party dysfunctional.[17]

New party

[edit]

On 22 October 2011, Gyurcsány announced he was leaving the Hungarian Socialist Party (MSZP) and would set up a new parliamentary group after persuading the necessary number of lawmakers to join him. The new Democratic Coalition party was to be a "Western, Left-wing" formation with ten lawmakers. Gyurcsány announced on the first anniversary of the founding of its forerunner, the Democratic Coalition Platform. He stated that he had decided to leave the MSZP because the party had failed in its efforts to transform itself. Socialist representatives strongly condemned Gyurcsány, who had signed a pledge to stay on in the party the previous week. In his speech Gyurcsány branded the new constitution as "illegitimate" and insisted that members and heads of the independent branches of state such as the constitutional court and the public prosecutor "exclusively serve Viktor Orbán".[18]

The former Democratic Party (Demokrata Párt) changed its name to Democratic Coalition (DK) and elected Gyurcsány its leader on 6 November 2011.[19] At a press conference, Gyurcsány announced that the renewed party had elected Tamás Bauer, József Debreczeni, Csaba Molnár and Péter Niedermüller as deputy chairmen. The announcement stated that DK would be Hungary's "most democratic party" with all the members electing its officials directly at the party congress, adding that the authority of each member in the party's 12-strong presidium and the chairman itself will be virtually the same. The new party initially received over 3,800 membership applications.[20]

The Democratic Coalition was not allowed to form a new party faction until the spring after leaving the MSZP, based on the parliament's Constitutional and Procedural Committee decision on 7 November 2011. According to the parliamentary rules, any parliamentarian that leaves or is expelled from a party faction must sit as an independent candidate for six months before joining another faction.[21] However, in April 2012, ruling party Fidesz approved new House rules which required that 12 MPs – rather than 10 as per previous rules – were needed to form a faction, thus blocking DK from forming a parliamentary group. Gyurcsány described this as "petty revenge on the part of the prime minister." Csaba Molnár said they might take the matter to the Constitutional Court and European forums.[22]

Cooperation negotiations of 2014

[edit]

In September 2013, the MSZP declined to sign an election deal with DK and Gábor Fodor's Hungarian Liberal Party (MLP) because both parties presented excessive expectations in proportion to their electoral support. Attila Mesterházy told a forum held at the party headquarters, broadcast by commercial news channel ATV, that in order to win the next year's election, the MSZP need to win over uncertain voters. He added that the party board decided that running with Gyurcsány would keep uncertain voters away. Gyurcsány said the MSZP had instead proposed alliances of four rather than nine constituencies, all of which were impossible to win. In addition, they offered every 25th place on their party list and would have banned Gyurcsány himself from running either individually or on a list. Another request was that DK should not present a platform of its own. The party could not accept these conditions, the politician said.[23]

On 14 January 2014, centre-left opposition parties agreed to submit a joint list for the spring 2014 general election. The list was headed by MSZP leader Attila Mesterházy, the centre-left alliance's candidate for Prime Minister. Mesterházy was followed by Gordon Bajnai (Together 2014) as second and Ferenc Gyurcsány as third. Liberal leader Gábor Fodor was entered at fourth place and co-leader of the E14-PM alliance and the Dialogue for Hungary. Tímea Szabó was entered at fifth place on the joint list of the MSZP, E2014-PM, DK, and Liberals. The Liberals also received two additional places (56th and 58th) on the list.[24] The party eventually won 4 seats.

In the 2014 European election, DK received 9.75% of the vote,[25] and had two MEPs returned. On 26 May 2014, Csaba Molnar announced that DK had applied to join the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats.[26]

Independent performance and united opposition

[edit]

The party ran alone in the 2018 parliamentary election, receiving 5.38% of votes and electing 9 candidates to the National Assembly.

In the 2019 European election, DK did very well, scoring 16.08%, overtaking the MSZP and Jobbik and becoming the leading opposition party.[27] In 2019 local elections, the party had its best performance in Tatabánya and in Budapest, where 3 district mayorships were won.

In 2020, two more mayorships in Budapest were added to DK after two mayors, elected as MSZP candidates, joined Democratic Coalition. After this DK became the second largest party in General Assembly of Budapest (after Fidesz–KDNP alliance) and the largest party in opposition's coalition, which is ruling in the Budapest.

In late 2020, the party formed the United for Hungary electoral coalition along with the Momentum Movement, MSZP, Jobbik, Dialogue, LMP – Hungary's Green Party, and the Liberals.

In 2021, the party took part in the coalition's primary. In this, it joined forces with the Liberals, running 2019 European Parliament election lead candidate Klára Dobrev as candidate for prime minister. The DK–Liberal ticket won a plurality in the first round of the election for the coalition's candidate for prime minister, with Dobrev placing first with 34.84% of votes and the parties' candidates being selected to run for 32 of the 106 single-member districts.[28] Dobrev then proceeded to a runoff against independent candidate Péter Márki-Zay, who was endorsed by withdrawn second-place Dialogue–MSZP–LMP candidate Gergely Karácsony,[29] Momentum,[30] and the MSZP.[31] Márki-Zay won the runoff with 56.71% of votes to Dobrev's 43.29%.[28]

In October 2022, the party became an associate member of the Party of European Socialists.[32]

Political positions and international affiliation

[edit]

Prior to the foundation of the Democratic Coalition, its leader Ferenc Gyurcsány was described a historical advocate of a Third Way policy approach and of social liberalism,[33][34] with his term as prime minister for the Hungarian Socialist Party having been marked by the implementation of austerity measures.[35][36][37] In its 2013 manifesto, DK called for a social market economy model, describing a market economy as the "economic foundation of freedom" and the welfare state and employment policy as bringing economic security.[38]

For the 2019 European Parliament election, DK took a European federalist position, advocating for a "United States of Europe".[27][39][40][41][42] In its campaign, DK advocated several centre-left fiscal and welfare proposals, including an EU-wide minimum pension, minimum wage, and family allowance funded by increased taxation of multinational corporations,[40][43] and integration of European health policies,[43] thus blending increasingly social-democratic positions with support for European integration.[27]

The Democratic Coalition opposes the government of Viktor Orbán and the changes effected to the electoral system,[44] judiciary,[45] and the independence of the press in the 2011 Hungarian constitution,[46] which Gyurcsány has described as "illegitimate".[33]

The party is a full member party of the Party of European Socialists and its MEPs are members of the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D). Following the 2019 European election, the Democratic Coalition dismissed an invitation to join the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe and chose to remain in the S&D group.[47]

Election results

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National Assembly

[edit]
Election Leader Constituency Party list Seats +/– Status
Votes % Votes %
2014[a] Ferenc Gyurcsány 1,317,879 26.85% (#2) 1,290,806 25.57% (#2)
4 / 199
 New Opposition
2018 348,176 6.33% (#4) 308,161 5.38% (#5)
9 / 199
 Increase 5 Opposition
2022[b] 1,983,708 36,90% (#2) 1,947,331 34.44% (#2)
15 / 199
 Increase 6 Opposition
  1. ^ Run within Unity coalition.
  2. ^ Run within United for Hungary coalition.

European Parliament

[edit]
Election List leader Votes % Seats +/− EP Group
2014 Csaba Molnár 226,086 9.75 (#4)
2 / 21
 New S&D
2019 Klára Dobrev 557,081 16.05 (#2)
4 / 21
 Increase 2
2024[a] 367,162 8.03 (#3)
2 / 21
 Decrease 2
  1. ^ Run as part of the DK–MSZP–Dialogue coalition.

Local elections

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Beáta Bakó, ed. (2022). Challenges to EU Values in Hungary: How the European Union Misunderstood the Government of Viktor Orbán. Taylor & Francis. p. 187.
  2. ^ Paul Lendvai, ed. (2012). Hungary: Between Democracy and Authoritarianism. Hurst Publishers. p. 248. ISBN 9781849041966. The former Prime Minister and nine other Socialist MPs broke with the MSzP and on 22 October 2011 set up a new left-liberal party called the Democratic Coalition.
  3. ^ a b Nordsieck, Wolfram (2018). "Hungary". Parties and Elections in Europe.
  4. ^ [1][2][3]
  5. ^ Daniel Kovarek, ed. (11 March 2021). "Prime ministers in minority governments: the case of Hungary". East European Politics. 37 (3): 448–465. doi:10.1080/21599165.2021.1876031. hdl:20.500.14018/13920.
  6. ^ "Orbán fights for his political life". Futurity. 14 February 2022. Retrieved 12 February 2023. United for Hungary – a broad coalition including the far-right Jobbik party as well as the progressive Democratic Coalition – has put partisanship aside in a bid to send Orbán packing.
  7. ^ Szabolcs, Dull (26 February 2019). "Dobrev Klára: Az Európai Egyesült Államokat fogjuk építeni". index.hu.
  8. ^ "Hungary: anti-Orbán alliance leads ruling party in 2022 election poll". The Guardian. 28 October 2021. Retrieved 12 February 2023. He defeated Klára Dobrev of the centre-left Democratic Coalition in an opposition primary this month. She has since pledged to support him in a "coalition of the clean" intended to clamp down on corruption and bridge social divisions.
  9. ^ "List of MEPs". votewatch.eu.
  10. ^ Facebook. 27 August 2022 https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=pfbid02YKiMxTtQZR7dUPby5FJRBMdEfSXS6uj2LXpiks7HgnCQM9r9cLKMPuBbvkRpdQcwl&id=100044185461466. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  11. ^ "Ezen te is elhasalsz: Tőlük retteg Orbán – ilyen az ellenzéki bulvár 1". 11 October 2021.
  12. ^ Miklós Sebők; Zsolt Boda, eds. (2021). "Appendices". Policy Agendas in Autocracy, and Hybrid Regimes: The Case of Hungary. Springer. p. 286. ISBN 978-3-030-73223-3.
  13. ^ Ulf Hedetoft (2020). Paradoxes of Populism: Troubles of the West and Nationalism's Second Coming. Anthem Press. p. 133. ISBN 978-1-78527-216-5.
  14. ^ Tom Lansford, ed. (2014). Political Handbook of the World 2014. SAGE Publications. p. 612. ISBN 978-1-4833-3327-4.
  15. ^ "Gyurcsány to form Socialist faction". Archived from the original on 23 December 2016. Retrieved 7 November 2011.
  16. ^ "Gyurcsány's new faction forms today". Archived from the original on 23 December 2016. Retrieved 7 November 2011.
  17. ^ "Socialist platforms discuss future strategy". Archived from the original on 23 December 2016. Retrieved 7 November 2011.
  18. ^ "Gyurcsány announces departure from the MSZP, formation of new "Western, civic center-left" party". Archived from the original on 14 February 2015. Retrieved 7 November 2011.
  19. ^ Tom Lansford, ed. (2015). Political Handbook of the World 2015. SAGE Publications. p. 2651. ISBN 978-1-4833-7155-9.
  20. ^ "New Democratic Coalition party officially elects former PM Gyurcsány as first leader". Archived from the original on 3 September 2017. Retrieved 7 November 2011.
  21. ^ "Parliamentary committee tells Gyurcsány to wait until April to form new faction". Archived from the original on 3 September 2017. Retrieved 8 November 2011.
  22. ^ "Parliamentary caucus rule change deals new blow to party of former PM Gyurcsány". Archived from the original on 23 December 2016. Retrieved 25 April 2012.
  23. ^ "Opposition DK-Socialist election talks break down". 10 September 2013. Archived from the original on 23 December 2016. Retrieved 12 September 2013.
  24. ^ "Opposition leaders agree on joint list for general election". 14 January 2014. Archived from the original on 15 January 2014. Retrieved 14 January 2014.
  25. ^ "Emjk". valasztas.hu.
  26. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 29 May 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  27. ^ a b c "Ferenc Gyurcsány's Democratic Coalition becomes largest opposition party in Hungary". Hungarian Free Press. 27 May 2019. Archived from the original on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 4 June 2019.
  28. ^ a b "Az előválasztás eredményei - Előválasztás 2021". Előválasztás 2021 (in Hungarian). Archived from the original on 31 May 2023. Retrieved 17 December 2024.
  29. ^ Tóth-Biró, Marianna (8 October 2021). "Karácsony Gergely visszalép Márki-Zay Péter javára". telex (in Hungarian). Archived from the original on 18 July 2024. Retrieved 17 December 2024.
  30. ^ Cseke, Balázs (7 October 2021). "Márki-Zay Pétert támogatja a Momentum az előválasztás második fordulójában". telex (in Hungarian). Archived from the original on 25 July 2024. Retrieved 17 December 2024.
  31. ^ Barnóczki, Brigitta (14 October 2021). "Az MSZP Márki-Zay Pétert támogatja az előválasztás második fordulójában". telex (in Hungarian). Archived from the original on 10 September 2024. Retrieved 17 December 2024.
  32. ^ "PES Congress welcomes new PES leadership team and four new member parties". 15 October 2022.
  33. ^ a b Fazekas, Csaba; Fekete, Sándor (2018). "Contemporary Parliamentary Political Parties in Hungary". In Kancik-Kołtun, Ewelina (ed.). Contemporary Political Parties and Party Systems in the Visegrad Group Countries. Lublin: Maria Curie-Skłodowska University Press. pp. 162–163. ISBN 978-83-227-9150-9.
  34. ^ Kovarek, Daniel (3 July 2021). "Prime ministers in minority governments: the case of Hungary". East European Politics. 37 (3): 448–465. doi:10.1080/21599165.2021.1876031. ISSN 2159-9165 – via Taylor & Francis.
  35. ^ Dempsey, Judy (23 September 2006). "Hungary's Leader Vows to Survive and Revive Economy". The New York Times. Retrieved 18 December 2024.
  36. ^ "Embattled PM Gyurcsany offers to step down". France 24. 21 March 2009. Retrieved 18 December 2024.
  37. ^ "Hungary leader to pursue reforms". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 18 December 2024.
  38. ^ "Európai Magyarországot! Demokráciát, biztonságot, fejlődést! a Demokratikus Koalíció programja 2013". Democratic Coalition. 26 January 2013. p. 6. Archived from the original (pdf) on 25 June 2014. Retrieved 18 December 2024.
  39. ^ Juhos, Anna (17 May 2019). "The importance of Hungary's European election". Atlantic Council. Archived from the original on 26 May 2024. Retrieved 17 December 2024.
  40. ^ a b Eurológus, Peszto (20 March 2019). "Az Európai Egyesült Államokkal kampányol Dobrev Klára Brüsszelben". index.hu (in Hungarian). Retrieved 31 May 2019.
  41. ^ "Dobrev: Álmunk az Európai Egyesült Államok álma | Mandiner". mandiner.hu/ (in Hungarian). 12 April 2019. Retrieved 31 May 2019.
  42. ^ "A DK szerint az Európai Egyesült Államok programjának megvan a többsége". hirado.hu (in Hungarian). Retrieved 31 May 2019.
  43. ^ a b "Rónai Sándor: Egy erősebb Európa képes lehet megvédeni tagállamait, még saját kormányukkal szemben is « Mérce". Mérce (in Hungarian). 25 May 2019. Retrieved 31 May 2019.
  44. ^ "Hungarian ex-PM calls for restoring constitutional system during hunger strike". BBC Monitoring. 12 September 2012. ProQuest 1039063553. Retrieved 18 December 2024.
  45. ^ "Parliament passes constitutional amendments that critics call undemocratic". politics.hu. 22 December 2014. Archived from the original on 22 December 2014. Retrieved 18 December 2024.
  46. ^ "Európai Magyarországot! Demokráciát, biztonságot, fejlődést! a Demokratikus Koalíció programja 2013". Democratic Coalition. 26 January 2013. p. 11. Archived from the original (pdf) on 25 June 2014. Retrieved 18 December 2024.
  47. ^ says, Máté Pál (31 May 2019). "Opposition Democratic Coalition to stay with European Socialists and Democrats". Daily News Hungary. Retrieved 4 June 2019.
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